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KMID : 0352719870110020145
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Journal of Ginseng Research
1987 Volume.11 No. 2 p.145 ~ p.153
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Studies on Selective Modulators and Anti-anorexigenic Agents in Korean Red Ginseng
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Okuda, Hiromichi
Sekiya, Keizo/Masuno, Hiroshi/Takaku, Takeshi/Kameda, Kenji
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Abstract
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Isolated rat adipocytes are well known to possess opposite pathways of lipid metabolism: lipolysis and lipogenesis. Both of the metabolism respond to various biologically active sub-stances such as epinephrine, ACTH and insulin. Epinephrine and ACTH stimulate lipolysis and insulin accelerates lipogenesis
Recently, Korean red ginsE ng powder was found to contain adenosine and an acidic poptide which inhibited epinephrine-induced lipolysis and stimulated insulin-mediated lipogenesis from added glucose. The acidic peptide is consisted mainly of glutamic acid and glucose. Ginsenosides Rb,and Re inhibited ACTH-induced lipolysis in isolated rat adipocytes, while they did not affect insulin-stimulated lipogenesis. Thus, all these sub-stances extracted from Korean red ginseng exhibited selective modulations toward the opposite metabolic pathways in rat adipocyte; They inhibited the lipolysis but not the lipogenesis. We call these substances selective modulators". Recently, we isolated a toxic sub-stance named "toxohormone-L " from ascites fluid of patients with various malignant tumors. The toxohormone-L stimulated lipolysis in rat adipocytes and induced anorexia in rats. Both the lipolytic and the anorexigenic actions of toxohormone-L were found to be inhibited by ginsenoside Rb, in Korean red ginseng.
Based on these results, physiological significances of these substances in Korean red ginseng were discussed.
Panax ginseng is a medicinal plant long used in treatment of various pathological states including general complaints such as head ache, shoulder ache, chilly constitution and anorexia in cancer patients. There have been many pharmacological studies on Panax ginseng roots. Petkov"reported that oral administration of an aqueous alcoholic extract of ginseng roots decreased the blood sugar level of rabbits. Saito2)reported that Panax ginseng suppressed hyperglycemia induced by epinephrine and high carbohydrate diets. These findings suggest that Panax ginseng roots contain insulin-like sub-stances. Previously, we3´demonstrated that ginseng roots contain an insulin-like peptide which inhibits epinephrine-induced lipolysis and stimulated insulin-mediated lipogenesis.
In 1984, we suggested that such an insulin-like substance should be called a selective modulator". Present investigation describes the details of the selective modulators in ginseng roots.
During progressive weight loss in patients with various neoplastic disease, depletion of fat stores have been observed. The depletion of body fat during growth of neoplasms is associated with increase in plasma free fatty acids.
Recently, wes)found that the ascites fluid
from patients with hepatoma or ovarian tumor and the pleural fluid from patients with malig--nant lymphoma elicited fatty acid release in slices of rat adipose tissue in vitro. The lipolytic factor, named"toxohormone-L". was purifed from the ascites fluid of patients with -iepatoma. The isolated preparation gave a single band on both disc gel electrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)-acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of p -mercaptoethanol. Its molecular weight was deter-mined to be 70,000-75,000 and 65,000 by SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugation, respectively. Injection of toxohormone-L into the lateral ventricle of rats significantly suppressed food and water intakes. There was at least 5 hr delay between its injection and appearance of its suppressive effect.
In the present study, we also tried to find a inhibitory substance toward toxohormone-L from root powder of ginseng.
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